Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, Moscow: Russian Psychological Society, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 2023, 3

On the 100th anniversary of N.F. Talyzina

• On the Mastery of Elementary Geometric Concepts*

  Talyzina, N.F.

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  Volume 16, Issue 3, 2023.

  Talyzina, N.F. (2023). On the Mastery of Elementary Geometric Concepts. Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, 16(3), 3–13. DOI: 10.11621/pir.2023.0301

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  • * We publish here the report by N.F. Talyzina to a Conference on Psychology in 1955 and released two years later in the proceedings of that conference (N.F. Talyzina [1957]. In B.G. Anan′yeva et al. [Eds.], Materialy soveshchaniia po psikhologii. July 1–6, 1955. Moscow: Publishing House of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the RSFSR.) This report is of particular interest, since it describes some of the first formative experiments based on the theory of planned stage-by-stage formation of mental actions; the text does not yet discuss the formation of actions, but only the application of the attributes of concepts to solving problems. The text presents the results of a study of the formation of elementary geometric concepts according to the theory of planned stage-by-stage formation of mental actions and concepts. Twenty-two subjects from grades 6–9 formed geometric concepts such as “line,” “angle,” “angle bisector,” “perpendicular,” “adjacent angles,” and “supplementary angles.” These attributes were formed in the process of their application to solving different types of problems. Observational and then formative (training) experiments were performed individually. The article contains excerpts from the subjects’ protocols as they solved the problems. It was shown that stage-by-stage development (identifying attributes from a definition, saying them aloud, and then applying them to solving problems) leads to mastery not only of the geometric concepts themselves, but also of the method of action with definitions in general, allowing students to transfer the method they have learned to concepts from another field of knowledge.

    DOI: 10.11621/pir.2023.0301

• Activity-Based Approach to the Teaching and Psychology of Insightful Problem Solving: Scientific Concepts as a Form of Constructive Criticism

  Romashchuk, A.N.

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  Romashchuk, A.N. (2023). Activity-Based Approach to the Teaching and Psychology of Insightful Problem Solving: Scientific Concepts as a Form of Constructive Criticism. Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, 16(3), 14–29. DOI: 10.11621/pir.2023.0302

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  • Background. This article is dedicated to the 100-year anniversary of the birth of N.F. Talyzina and contains an assessment of the prospects for developing ways to master a scientific concept, in theories of learning according to the activity approach. The assessment takes into account achievements following the approach of L.S. Vygotsky, the “conceptual changes” approach, and theories of the psychology of insightful problem solving.

    Objective. To demonstrate the necessity and productivity of the activity approach to scientific concepts that students learn as forms of constructive criticism.

    Method. A comparative analysis of the theories of the activity approach to learning, the approach of L.S. Vygotsky, the “conceptual changes” approach, and theories of the psychology of insightful problem solving, from the standpoint of identifying the most effective way of mastering scientific concepts.

    Results. The main substantiated thesis of the article is that mastery of a scientific concept is most effective when it is presented as a form of constructive criticism of another concept.

    Conclusion. Taking into account the conceptual forms of constructive criticism allows us to outline the actual paths of development of the activity approach to learning. These forms were developed, on the one hand, through the methodology of science, and on the other, in a less developed way, through the psychology of insightful problem solving, with reliance on certain forms of “critical” action. In particular, when using a special kind of obstacle to teach a task, it is proposed to use the analysis of “full insight” to reveal a special type of reason for an erroneous action.

    Keywords: activity theory of learning/ conceptual change/ naive concepts/ scientific concepts/ constructive criticism/ insightful solution/ full insight

    DOI: 10.11621/pir.2023.0302

• The Deficits of Students’ Orientation in Solving Proportion Problems, as Revealed through Task Modifications

  Yanishevskaya, M.A.

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  Yanishevskaya, M.A. (2023). The Deficits of Students’ Orientation in Solving Proportion Problems, as Revealed through Task Modifications. Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, 16(3), 30–41. DOI: 10.11621/pir.2023.0303

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  • Background. Using the Activity Theory of education (Galperin, 1992; Talyzina, 2018), this article examines the students’ actions that constitute the early stages of forming the concept of ratios. The psychological analysis of mastery of this concept shows that it essentially depends on understanding the coordination of the changes of two independent values (area, velocity, density, etc.).

    Objective. The present research considers differences in students’ operations with numbers on various tasks, based on their comprehension of ratio relations (direct and inverse proportions); these differences are revealed through posing certain modified tasks, but may stay unnoticed in regular tasks. The goal of the study was to identify the criteria for adequate assessment of the sustainability of the students’ orientation in modified tasks.

    Design. A test of 15 tasks was designed based on Galperin's classification of task variations: domain specific, logical, and psychological. The formulation of the tasks disguised the operations needed to achieve the right answer, and sometimes even prompted the wrong solution. There were 12 tasks on direct proportions – four sample and eight modified; and three inverse proportion tasks: one sample and two modified. One hundred sixty (160) students (5^th-6^th grade, 11-13 years old) took the test in writing.

    Results. The comparison of students’ performance on the sample and modified tasks showed significant differences. Modifications impaired the students' performance on both types of proportion problems (direct and inverse). Logical and psychological modifications had the most impact on the quality of the students' orientation and thus proved to be most indicative in terms of students’ orientation quality assessment.

    Conclusion. The data suggest the following: 1) that the concepts of proportionality which the students acquired from a regular school curriculum lack "generalization," and 2) that students’ ability to apply the ratio concept is very sensitive to the way the word problem is presented. These findings are essential for evaluating students’ multiplicative thinking: their actual level of comprehension cannot be revealed through their performance on regular tasks.

    Keywords: concept acquisition/ ratio concepts/ assessment/ task modification

    DOI: 10.11621/pir.2023.0303

• The Galperin–Talyzina Method of Psychological Investigation of the Genesis of Cognitive Processes

  Maturano Longarezi, A.; Marques de Oliveira Martins, I.K.

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  Longarezi, A.M., Marques de Oliveira Martins, I.K. (2023). The Galperin–Talyzina Method of Psychological Investigation of the Genesis of Cognitive Processes. Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, 16(3), 42–55. DOI: 10.11621/pir.2023.0304

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  • Background. Piotr Ya. Galperin and his collaborator Nina F. Talyzina performed solid experimental work which led them to propose the theory of stage-by-stage formation of mental actions and concepts, as well as a method to investigate cognitive processes, whose conceptual and procedural streamlining demands analysis and systematization.

    Objective. To investigate the formative experiment of P. Ya. Galperin and N.F. Talyzina, with the aim of analyzing their contributions to the method of psychological investigation of cognitive processes.

    Design. The article is part of a theoretical research project on developmental didactics systems, of which the Galperin–Talyzina system is one. Russian works by the two authors and their translations into English, Spanish, and Portuguese, as well as works by other psychologists and educators from the Galperin–Talyzina school, were sources of the work.

    Results. The experiments of P.Ya. Galperin and N.F. Talyzina studied, promoted, and analyzed the assimilation of new knowledge and mental actions, by introducing different conditions. The article systematizes the stages and procedures of such experiments, as well as the series and steps of diagnosis of the developmental level and the formation of mental actions and concepts, in relation to the type of Orienting Basis of an Action (OBA).

    Conclusion. The theory was built on the basis of simultaneous production of a method to study the genesis of the cognitive processes and the theory of stage-by-stage formation of mental actions and concepts; it led us to define the method of P.Ya. Galperin and N.F. Talyzina as a gradual formation experiment.

    
    

    Keywords: cultural-historical psychology/ developmental didactics/ experimental method/ gradual formation experiment/ P. Ya. Galperin/ N.F. Talyzina

    DOI: 10.11621/pir.2023.0304

• Playing Online as Preparation for Mathematics: The Cultural-Historical Approach as an Alternative to Constructivism

  Solovieva, Yu.; Quintanar Rojas, Luis ; Plotnikova, V.A.

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  Solovieva, Yu., Quintanar, L., Plotnikova, V.A. (2023). Playing Online as Preparation for Mathematics: The Cultural-Historical Approach as an Alternative to Constructivism. Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, 16(3), 56–73. DOI: 10.11621/pir.2023.0305

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  • Background. While the traditional method of teaching consists of repetition and memorization, the constructivist theory proposes independent discovery and free play. The cultural-historical approach, on the other hand, does not insist on the early introduction of formal mathematics as implicit or explicit knowledge. According to this outlook, important psychological developmental is necessary for the child before he/she can learn mathematics in primary school.

    Objective. To present a methodology for organizing the play activity of children of preschool age by introducing symbolic means on the materialized and perceptual levels as an essential aspect of preparation for learning mathematical concepts in primary school.

    Design. The experiment consisted in pedagogical work in the online modality by the authors at a private college in the city of Puebla, Mexico. Eighteen children from three levels of preschool education (from three to six years old) participated in 45-minute sessions three times per week. There were six children from each preschool level.

    Results. It was shown that playing with roles online allows children at least partially to include different symbolic means in their activity. This allows the children not only to satisfy their curiosity and be positively engaged in the topic of the play, but also to develop symbolic functions as preparation for intellectual actions with numerical content in primary school.

    Conclusion. The article shows a feasible way to organize preschool play with roles online and thus to scaffold the formation of children’s imagination and ability to use symbolic means, which is important for future learning. The cultural-historical approach offers useful guidelines here, although more research is needed to support the development of children’s symbolic function within math-specific activity, based on activity theory applied to learning.

    Keywords: introduction of mathematics/ symbolic function/ online methodology/ innovative developmental methods/ preschool development

    DOI: 10.11621/pir.2023.0305

• Teaching in the Light of Activity Theory Applied to Preschool: Reflections on Brazilian Practice

  de Moraes, M.C.

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  de Moraes, M.C. (2023). Teaching in the Light of Activity Theory Applied to Preschool: Reflections on Brazilian Practice. Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, 16(3), 74–87. DOI: 10.11621/pir.2023.0306

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  • Background. Activity Theory applied by the teacher to preschool education favors the development of new psychological formations, such as perception, attention, memory, thought, language, and voluntariness, which prepare the child for school.

    Objective. To highlight the contributions of N.F. Talyzina based on Activity Theory applied to preschool education and to reflect on the theory’s use in the Brazilian education system.

    Design. This article is theoretically built from research in a sandwich doctorate program in Puebla, Mexico and internship supervision practices for psychologist training at a public university in Brazil’s central-west region.

    Results. Activity Theory is seldom applied to teaching, including in Brazil, and there is little knowledge about the scientific contributions of one of its practitioners, the late N.F. Talyzina. We chose the preschool stage as the focus of our reflections, and we maintain that the introduction of role-playing as the main activity in early childhood education promotes the development of psychological neoformations and prepares the child for the next stage of school. Finally, we present the internship practices in applied psychology in a Brazilian children’s group, with evidence of advances.

    Conclusion. There is a need for expansion of the formative experiments reported here to the Brazilian population, for scientific dissemination of the results, and promotion of teacher training and qualification in Activity Theory.

    
    

    Keywords: cultural-historical/ activity theory/ teaching practice/ early childhood education/ role-playing

    DOI: 10.11621/pir.2023.0306

• A Dynamic Evaluation of the Process of Solving Mathematical Problems, according to N.F. Talyzina's Method

  Rosas-Rivera, Y.; Solovieva, Yu.

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  Rosas-Rivera, Y., Solovieva, Yu. (2023). A Dynamic Evaluation of the Process of Solving Mathematical Problems, according to N.F. Talyzina's Method. Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, 16(3), 88–103. DOI: 10.11621/pir.2023.0307

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  • Background. The process of teaching mathematics represents a challenge for primary education, due to the different perspectives and disciplines involved. In addition, as an active and flexible process, it requires feedback on what the students actually achieved. An analysis of the different learning and development outcomes allows the teacher to understand the mathematical content and the method of teaching it in the classroom, with the objective of promoting the students’ conceptual development.

    Objective. The objective of our study was to analyze the general skills for problem solving which students developed, by applying dynamic evaluation. 

    Design. A verification method was used to identify the students’ abilities and difficulties. A protocol for evaluating the process of solving mathematical problems was organized. The assessment included four simple problems and four complex ones. The participants were 15 students in the third grade of primary school attending a private school located in Mexico City.

    Results. The results showed that the students identified the types of mathematical operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) required to solve the problems as their objective. Therefore, their preparation of a solution plan, its execution, and its verification were based only on empirical thinking and quantitative information. 

    Conclusions. We concluded that problem-solving is an intellectual activity that requires conceptual development to carry out a solution plan, execute it, and verify it, in addition to the  main objective of answering the question posed by the problem. We propose that these characteristics be included in the organization of mathematics teaching in order to develop mathematical thinking.

    
    

    Keywords: math learning/ mathematical concepts/ mathematical thinking/ math assessment/ elementary school

    DOI: 10.11621/pir.2023.0307

• The Contributions of Nina Fedorovna Talyzina to Research Developed in Brazilian Postgraduate Programs

  Pereira, L.F.; Béltran Nuñez, I.; Ferreira da Silva, A.L.; de Andrade, M.H.; Araújo de Melo, F.M.; de Faria Oliveira, M.V.

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  Pereira, L.F., Beltrán Núñez, I., Ferreira da Silva, A.L., de Andrade, M.H., Araújo de Melo, F.M., de Faria Oliveira, M.V. (2023). The Contributions of Nina Fedorovna Talyzina to Research Developed in Brazilian Postgraduate Programs. Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, 16(3), 104–121. DOI: 10.11621/pir.2023.0308

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  • Background. Nina Fedorovna Talyzina was a Russian psychologist, whose theories have been applied in educational research in many countries around the world, including Brazil. Her name is mainly connected to the Activity Theory of Learning (ATL), which has been dubbed the Galperin-Talyzina system of developmental didactics.

    Objective. Investigate how N.F. Talyzina’s ideas are applied in dissertations and theses developed in postgraduate programs in Brazil.

    Design. Our research was a bibliographic review which used the state of the question method to examine how Talyzina’s ideas are applied in Brazilian academic publications. Data were gathered from three responsible databases – the Brazilian Digital Library, the CAPES Catalogue, and the Institutional Repositories (1987-2022). The method of content analysis was used for data analysis, according to pre-determined categories.

    Results. We found a prevalence of research based on the methodology of formative experiments carried out at different educational levels. Skills, scientific concept- formation, and problem-solving were the objects of investigation in most of the studies. The ideas proposed by L.S. Vygotsky, A.N. Leontiev, P.Ya. Galperin, and V.V. Davidov were expressed through references to Talyzina’s work as the theoretical basis of many studies, thus evidencing a crucial dialogue with the Cultural-Historical School (CHS).

    Conclusion. Our study points out the growing interest in Talyzina's ideas, specifically her Activity Theory of Learning, which can be attributed to comprehensive dialogues with the ideas of L.S. Vygotsky and A.N. Leontiev which predominate in Brazilian research.

    Keywords: activity theory of learning (ATL)/ Brazilian research/ bibliographic review/ cultural-historical school (CHS)/ developmental didactics

    DOI: 10.11621/pir.2023.0308

Developmental psychology

• Voluntary Control of Cognitive Activity in Preschool Children: Age-dependent Changes from Ages 3-4 to 4-5

  Zakharova, M.N.; Machinskaya, R.I.

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  Zakharova, M.N., Machinskaya, R.I. (2023). Voluntary Control of Cognitive Activity in Preschool Children: Age-dependent Changes from Ages 3-4 to 4-5. Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, 16(3), 122–131. DOI: 10.11621/pir.2023.0309

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  • Background. Voluntary control of goal-directed behavior and mental activity in preschool children plays a key role in knowledge acquisition and future academic achievement. Studies of voluntary control have mainly concerned 6-8-year- old children; much less is known about the ability to exercise voluntary control at early ages. Due to the high prognostic value of the level of development of voluntary control and heterogeneous development of their individual components, it seems actually useful to study age-related changes of these components in children from 3-4 to 4-5 years old.

    Objective. To compare age-related changes in executive functions (EF) in children age 3-4 years (mean age: 3.5±0.2 yrs; n = 49; 31 boys) and 4-5 years (mean age: 4.5±0.3 yrs; n = 70; 35 boys).

    Design. To assess the different components of EF we used: 1) a qualitative group and individual testing procedure based on the principles of Luria’s theory of the dynamic localization and organization of higher mental functions; and 2) a computerized testing procedure which included the Bourdon-Wiersma cancellation test, the “Hearts and Flowers” conflict test (the Dots task), and the Corsi block-tapping test.

    Results. The results showed that different components of voluntary control developed at different rates (heterochronically): there were significant progressive changes from 3-4 to 4-5 years for working memory, assimilation of instructions, switching between separate actions, selective concentration on a target or task, and the distribution of attention. Some other components of EF did not show significant positive dynamics during this period.

    Conclusion. The results indicate the importance of applying the activity theory approach to the development of cognitive processes in preschool age.

    Keywords: executive functions (EF)/ working memory/ voluntary control/ cognitive flexibility/ preschool age/ neuropsychology/ activity theory

    DOI: 10.11621/pir.2023.0309

Personality psychology

• Perfectionism, the Impostor Phenomenon, Self-Esteem, and Personality Traits among Russian College Students

  Sheveleva, M.S.; Permyakova, T.M.; Kornienko, D.S.

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  Sheveleva, M.S., Permyakova, T.M., Kornienko, D.S. (2023). Perfectionism, the Impostor Phenomenon, Self-Esteem, and Personality Traits among Russian College Students. Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, 16(3), 132-148. DOI: 10.11621/pir.2023.0310

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  • Background. Perfectionism and the Impostor Phenomenon (IP) have mainly been studied in American samples, as have the associations of Perfectionism and the Impostor Phenomenon with Self-Esteem and the Big Five personality traits. However, previous studies showed that results might depend on cultural background. There is a critical lack of such research in the Russian context which might limit generalization of the previous findings to a narrow range of cultures.

    Objective. In this study, the authors investigated how Perfectionism and the Impostor Phenomenon are related to the 5-factor model of personality, and examined the mediating role of Self-esteem between the dimensions of Perfectionism and the Impostor Phenomenon, using a Russian sample.

    Design. The study sample comprised 372 undergraduate students age 18 - 23 (M = 19.07, SD = 1.05). The Impostor Phenomenon, Personality Traits, and Self-Esteem were measured by relevant questionnaires.

    Results. The results indicated that Adaptive Perfectionism had a strong positive correlation with Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Openness. Maladaptive Perfectionism had a strong relation to Conscientiousness and Neuroticism. Neuroticism demonstrated a strong positive correlation with impostor tendencies and was the main predictor. Self-esteem partially mediated the link between Maladaptive Perfectionism and the Impostor Phenomenon, intensifying negative feelings and Impostorism.

    Conclusion. These results generally replicated the pattern from previous studies of the relationship between Perfectionism, the Big Five personality traits, Self-esteem, and the Impostor Phenomenon. Thus, it could be possible to conclude that the studied relationships might be regarded as universal for the Russian students in terms of culture.

    Keywords: impostor phenomenon/ perfectionism/ the Big Five personality traits/ mediation/ self-esteem

    DOI: 10.11621/pir.2023.0310

• The Role of Psychological Time in Late Socialization. A SEM Analysis

  Zabelina, E.V.; Deyneka, O.S.; Chestyunina, Yu.V.; Vedeneeva, E.V.

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  Zabelina, E.V., Deyneka, O.S., Chestyunina, Yu.V., Vedeneeva, E.V. (2023). The Role of Psychological Time in Late Socialization. A SEM Analysis. Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, 16(3), 149–167. DOI: 10.11621/pir.2023.0311

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  • Background. Psychological time, a subjective reflection of the objective passage of time, has age specific characteristics and can be considered a resource for adaptation to difficult life situations (Pultz, & Hviid, 2016). We assume that the components of psychological time are also a resource for adaptation to retirement, smoothing out undesirable social and biological changes in retirees’ lives.

    Objective. This study explores this hypothesis by identifying the contribution of the cognitive component of psychological time – temporal focus and subjective age – to the effectiveness of late socialization.

    Design. The developed theoretical model was verified by the SEM method on the sample of retirees from Chelyabinsk, Russia (N = 291). To collect the empirical data we used the Temporal Focus Scale (Shipp et al., 2009), the Age of Me (Barak, 2009), the Life Satisfaction Scale (Diener & Lucas, 1999), the Income Satisfaction Scale (Deyneka, 2000), and questionnaire variables.

    Results. Temporal focus and subjective age mediated the influence of biological and social variables on the retirees’ subjective well-being. A younger subjective age smoothed the contribution of educational level, working status, and disability, whilst the current and future focuses mediated the association between religiosity and various parameters of satisfaction.

    Conclusion. The results of the study broaden the understanding of psychological time in late socialization process. A pronounced focus on the present, along with younger subjective age, can be seen as psychological resources, allowing for better adaptation to the social status of a retiree; that is, increasing the effectiveness of late socialization.

    Keywords: aging society/ late socialization/ psychological time/ temporal focus/ subjective age/ subjective well-being/ life satisfaction/ retirees

    DOI: 10.11621/pir.2023.0311

Educational psychology

• Conscious Self-Regulation as a Meta-Resource of Academic Achievement and Psychological Well-Being of Young Adolescents

  Morosanova, V.I.; Fomina, T.G.; Bondarenko, I.N.

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  Morosanova, V.I., Fomina, T.G., Bondarenko, I.N. (2023). Conscious Self-Regulation as a Meta-Resource of Academic Achievement and Psychological Well-Being of Young Adolescents. Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, 16(3), 168–188. DOI: 10.11621/pir.2023.0312

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  • Background. The role of conscious self-regulation in determining students’ psychological well-being and academic performance is considered in the context of the fundamental problem of the regularities of young adolescents’ development.

    Objective. To reveal the role of meta-resources of conscious self-regulation in determining young adolescents' psychological well-being and academic performance.

    Design. Sample: 500 students in 4th- to 6th grade (10-12) in general schools, 149 of whom participated in a three-year longitudinal study. The Self-Regulation Profile of Learning Activity and the Well-Being Manifestation scales were used.

    Results. Conscious self-regulation and academic performance increase significantly in fifth grade and decrease in sixth grade. On the contrary, psychological well-being is characterized by a systemic positive dynamic. A typological analysis identified the levels of psychological well-being of students growing, stable, and declining during the transition period. It was found that the general level of conscious self-regulation made a significant positive contribution and is a universal resource for students' psychological well-being and academic performance. Special regulatory resources for academic performance are described, depending on the trajectory of changes in psychological well-being. Increased well-being is determined by the regulatory competencies of Planning and Evaluation of results and its stability by Planning, Modelling, Flexibility, and Responsibility. The general level of self-regulation, regulatory competencies, Planning, Programming and Responsibility mediate in the relationship between student psychological well-being and academic performance. A longitudinal study found that self-regulation has a long-term positive effect on student psychological well-being and academic performance.

    Conclusion. Conscious self-regulation is a meta-resource that makes a significant contribution to both the psychological well-being and academic performance. Mediator and prognostic effects of self-regulation on these properties create a psychological basis for practical work.

    Keywords: conscious self-regulation/ psychological well-being/ resource approach/ meta-resource/ longitudinal study/ adolescence/ transition from primary to secondary school

    DOI: 10.11621/pir.2023.0312

Psychometrics

• Cross-Language Validation and the Factor Structure of the Social-Emotional Competence Questionnaire for Pakistani Adolescents

  Jabeen, T.; Maqsood, A.

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  Jabeen, T., Maqsood, A. (2023). Cross-Language Validation and the Factor Structure of the Social-Emotional Competence Questionnaire for Pakistani Adolescents. Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, 16(3), 189–205. DOI: 10.11621/pir.2023.0313

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  • Background. For the last few years, in the field of school education, social-emotional competencies have been gaining in importance because they result in positive attitudes and adaptation to school (Mella et al., 2021).

    Objective. The current study was designed to conduct Urdu translation, cross-language validation, and confirmatory factor analysis of the Social-Emotional Competence Questionnaire (SECQ) for Pakistani adolescents.

    Design. Urdu translation was done using the standard back-translation method. The data for the main study was collected using a non-random sampling method for 910 adolescents who were between 10 to 19 years old.

    Results. The findings of the pilot study (n = 64) show that the Social-Emotional Competence Questionnaire is a reliable questionnaire, as Cronbach’s alpha reliabilities of both versions (English and Urdu) were acceptable (Version 1 α = 0.77; Version 2 α = 0.77). After 15 days, the Pearson product-moment correlation was checked to meet the objective of cross-language validation, which resulted in a high correlation between the two forms (r = 0.88). The riginal author of the questionnaire had proposed a factor structure consisting of five factors, namely: self-awareness, social awareness, self-management, relationship management, and responsible decision-making. Results of the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in the present study also confirmed and supported the five-factor structure in comparison to other models for the Urdu version.

    Conclusion. The Social-Emotional Competence Questionnaire is a reliable and culturally-validated tool for adolescents attending school, which can be used in future research for measuring social-emotional competencies.

    Keywords: social-emotional competencies/ reliability/ validity/ factor structure/ psychometric characteristics/ cross-language study

    DOI: 10.11621/pir.2023.0313

• An Independent Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Russian Version of the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS)

  Zakharov, I.M.; Ismatullina, V.I.; Kolyasnikov, P.V.; Marakshina, Yu.A.; Malykh, A.S.; Tabueva, A.O.; Adamovich, T.V.; Lobaskova, M.M.; Malykh, S. B.

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  Zakharov, I.M., Ismatullina, V.I., Kolyasnikov, P.V., Marakshina, J.A., Malykh, A.S., Tabueva, A.O., Adamovich, T.V., Lobaskova, M.M., Malykh, S.B. (2023). An Independent Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Russian Version of the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS). Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, 16(3), 206–221. DOI: 10.11621/pir.2023.0314

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  • Background. The quality of sleep significantly impacts children’s day-to-day performance, with at least 20% reporting issues with sleepiness. Valid tools for assessing the quality of sleep are needed.

    Objective. In this study, we assessed the psychometric properties of the Russian version of the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS). The initial adaptation of the PDSS was conducted on a sample from the Arctic regions of Russia. This location may have influenced the scale's generalizability due to variations in natural daylight across different areas of the country.

    Design. To rectify this, we gathered a comprehensive, geographically diverse sample from Russia. This combined dataset comprised 3772 participants between 10 to 18 years of age, from nine different regions of Russia.

    Results. We confirmed the unifactorial structure of the PDSS, which showed no regional effects. The psychometric analysis indicated that one item from the 8-item PDSS could be removed, thereby improving the scale's model fit. We also observed gender and age impacts on sleep quality: boys reported fewer sleep-related issues than girls, and younger children reported fewer problems than older children.

    Conclusion. This study validates the usefulness and reliability of the Russian version of the PDSS, thereby enhancing its general applicability. Furthermore, we replicated previously reported age and sex effects on the sleep quality of school-aged children.

    Keywords: daytime sleepiness/ adolescents/ sleep-related problems/ sleep duration/ psychometric analysis

    DOI: 10.11621/pir.2023.0314

Family psychology

• The Impact of Romantic Attachment Styles on Jealousy in Young Adults

  Chursina, A.V.

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  Chursina, A.V. (2023). The Impact of Romantic Attachment Styles on Jealousy in Young Adults. Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, 16(3), 222–232. DOI: 10.11621/pir.2023.0315

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  • Background. Romantic attachment is reflected in various aspects of dyadic interaction in a couple, since it is a self-reinforcing system of cognitive, emotional and behavioral patterns. Romantic jealousy was shown to be associated with dimensions of attachment insecurity in various studies worldwide.

    Objectives. To identify differences in expressions of romantic jealousy based on romantic attachment style. To determine the influence of attachment-related anxiety and attachment-related avoidance on cognitive, emotional, and behavioral jealousy.

    Design. The sample comprised 171 heterosexual individuals. The “Experiences in Close Relationships – Revised” questionnaire (ECR-R; Fraley, Waller, & Brennan, 2000; adapted for Russian by Chursina, 2022) and “Multidimensional Jealousy Scale” (MJS; Pfeiffer, & Wong, 1989) were used.

    Results. A number of significant differences were identified between insecure and secure attachment styles. Avoidant attachment is characterized by cognitive jealousy, ambivalent attachment is characterized by cognitive and behavioral jealousy, while dismissing attachment showed no significant differences in the manifestations of jealousy in comparison with secure attachment style. Emotional jealousy is equally characteristic of all types. The primacy of romantic attachment in relation to cognitive and behavioral jealousy was also proved.

    Conclusion. The experience of jealousy differs among romantic attachment styles. Attachment-related anxiety is a predictor of intrusive thoughts and behavioral manifestations of jealousy, while attachment-related avoidance is less, the greater the manifestation of jealousy behaviors.

    Keywords: romantic attachment/ romantic jealousy/ two-dimensional model of attachment/ attachment-related anxiety/ attachment-related avoidance

    DOI: 10.11621/pir.2023.0315